Blog

April 25 2025

2025 Federal Election Questionnaire

This election, Canadians will head to the polls with many different priorities for the next four years. Most Yukoners believe that the environment and climate change should be one of those priorities for the federal government.

We asked each candidate four questions to highlight their vision around conservation and climate change.

In the Yukon riding, candidates for Member of Parliament are Dr. Brendan Hanley (Liberal Party), Ryan Leef (Conservative Party), Katherine McCallum (New Democratic Party), and Gabrielle Dupont (Green Party). The candidate with the most votes in the riding will become Yukon’s MP. The party that wins the most ridings across Canada (out of 343 total) will form the next federal government.

You can read each candidate’s answers below.

1. Accelerating domestic exploration and mining has been touted as a potential solution to American attacks on Canada’s economy and sovereignty. However, Yukoners are bearing the environmental impacts and clean-up costs of mines that were approved post-devolution, like Wolverine and Eagle Gold. What federal actions would you support so the territory isn’t saddled with the costs of future failed mines?

Brendan Hanley - Liberal Party of Canada

The Yukon is rich in the critical minerals needed for the clean energy transition – but with opportunity comes responsibility. Yukoners have seen the impacts of failed projects in our territory. This is why I have worked with federal colleagues to push for a review and strengthening of the Yukon Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment Act (YESAA). We need a collaborative approach to mine approval, oversights, and reclamation that ensures companies, not communities, bear the costs.
Ryan Leef - Conservative Party of Canada

We support the Yukon Environmental Socio-Economic Assessment Board—a made-in-Yukon process that ensures project assessments respect local authority. Yukon and Yukon First Nations can benefit from resource development while protecting the Territory’s pristine wilderness. We’re committed to improving development that creates jobs and growth, while empowering Yukoners to pursue economic opportunity and safeguard their environmental heritage.
Katherine McCallum - New Democratic Party of Canada

The federal government has an important role to play in regulating water and fish habitat and that must be maintained and strengthened. Other parties are promising fast tracking of projects which is the opposite of what we need. We need sustained federal support for Indigenous-led monitoring and decision-making so Yukon communities aren’t left holding the bill when mines walk away. The remediation cost of every failed mine is stolen from the health and education budget of the Yukon government.
Gabrielle Dupont - Green Party of Canada

As a Yukon business owner impacted by the Eagle mine disaster, this issue resonates strongly with me. Such devastating environmental degradation shows that we can’t hold economic considerations above environmental ones.

The extraction of minerals is crucial for a green economy. Still, we must hold polluters accountable. The Green Party is committed to co-developing federal legislation with First Nations to ensure strong environmental protection and rehabilitation.

2. Canada has committed to protecting 30% of lands and waters by 2030. In the Yukon, achieving this goal depends on supporting land use planning and initiatives like Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas. Do you support these conservation targets and, if so, how would you support reaching them?

Brendan Hanley - Liberal Party of Canada

I strongly support Canada’s target to protect lands and waters by 2030. The Yukon’s inclusion and cooperation is essential in reaching this goal – and this means supporting land use planning and Indigenous-led conservation. Recent progress includes a new Inuvialuit-led conservation area on the Eastern Yukon North Slope, the feasibility study for a national park in the Teetł’it Gwinjik (Peel Watershed), and an MOU with RRDC exploring an Indigenous Protected and Conserved Area. These efforts are vital for future generations, and we must continue.
Ryan Leef - Conservative Party of Canada

In the Yukon, 21.1% of land—over 101,000 km²—is protected through parks, wildlife areas, and special zones. These protections arise from First Nations and Inuvialuit Final Agreements and require consultation with Yukon First Nations. Under devolution, land protections must be respected. We will partner with the Yukon Government and First Nations on future protections, ensuring the Yukon continues to lead in conservation while balancing economic opportunities on protected and undesignated lands.
Katherine McCallum - New Democratic Party of Canada

Yes — protecting 30% by 2030 is essential, and the path forward must centre Indigenous rights and leadership. The federal government must invest in land use planning and provide long-term funding for Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas. That includes supporting Guardian programs, respecting modern treaties, and working directly with Yukon First Nations to protect land, water, and wildlife for future generations.

The NDP has committed to introducing legislation that would require at least 30% protection of lands and waters by 2030.
Gabrielle Dupont - Green Party of Canada

At the Green Party we are not only committed to these conservation targets, we want to expand them to 50% of lands and waters by 2050, through protected areas, habitat restoration and conservation agreements with provinces, territories and First Nations.
We will develop a National Water Strategy to ensure long-term protection of freshwater resources, prioritize the protection of carbon-rich ecosystems like wetlands and boreal forests, and expand First Nation co-management of national parks and conservation lands.

2025 Federal Election Question - climate change

3. What are concrete policies that you would support to ensure that Canada lives up to its commitments to cut greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change?

Brendan Hanley - Liberal Party of Canada

To meet Canada’s climate goals, we are implementing key policies like strengthening the Output-Based Pricing System (OBPS) to ensure large emitters pay their fair share. We are also continuing the work on the national emissions cap. We are leading by example – phasing out fossil fuels in federal buildings by 2023. These actions, alongside Indigenous-led conservation and clean tech investments, all help move us toward net-zero.
Ryan Leef - Conservative Party of Canada

We believe in investing in technology to cut emissions and recognize that climate change is a global issue needing global solutions. We’ll make clean tech affordable, set corporate emission standards with penalties funding a green emissions fund, and reduce reliance on foreign energy by supporting Canadian energy and lithium. By fast-tracking projects like hydro, tidal, and carbon capture, we’ll make Canada—and the Yukon—leaders in clean, ethically sourced energy and innovation.
Katherine McCallum - New Democratic Party of Canada

Canada must meet its climate targets by capping oil and gas emissions, ending fossil fuel subsidies, and enforcing binding national climate laws. I support federal investment in Indigenous-led climate planning, clean energy, and land stewardship programs. We must scale up conservation as a climate solution — protecting forests, wetlands, and permafrost through Indigenous protected areas, land use planning, and the 30 by 30 goal.

We would work to: double public transit ridership, invest heavily in free housing retrofits for low-income Canadians and pass an Environmental Bill of Rights.
Gabrielle Dupont - Green Party of Canada

As the Green Party candidate in the Yukon, fighting climate change is one of my highest priorities. We can start by completing our clean energy transition right here in our Territory, supporting northern communities to transition away from diesel by expanding access to community-owned renewable microgrids.

At the national level, we will fund renewable energy installations in homes, businesses and communities, and promote zero-carbon, user-fee-free public ground transportation across Canada by 2040. We will finance these measures by ending fossil fuel subsidies and taxing big emitters.

2025 Federal Election Question - caribou

4. The Coastal Plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the birthplace of the Porcupine caribou herd and a Sacred Land to the Gwich’in. Despite this, the U.S. Government is pushing for oil drilling on these lands. Where do you stand on protecting the Arctic Refuge?

Brendan Hanley - Liberal Party of Canada

I am firmly opposed to oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). The Coastal Plan is the calving ground of the Porcupine caribou herd and is sacred to the Gwich’in people, who rely on the herd for culture, food and identity. Protecting this land is not only an environmental issue – it’s about upholding Indigenous rights. I will continue to oppose U.S. efforts to drill in the refuge and work across borders to push for the permanent protection of this vital ecosystem.
Ryan Leef - Conservative Party of Canada

The Government of Canada protects nearly 13,000 km² of the Porcupine Caribou Herd’s range—one of the last large migratory herds on Earth. I stand with the Gwich’in Peoples in protecting this herd, vital to Indigenous communities in Yukon, NWT, and Alaska. As a former Conservation Officer and hunter, I’ve worked to preserve the region, wildlife, and ecosystem. Through stories shared by hunters and elders, it’s clear that the caribou are an integral part of the people and deserve our full support.
Katherine McCallum - New Democratic Party of Canada

I stand with the Gwich’in in defending the Arctic Refuge from oil drilling. This land is sacred, ecologically vital, and critical to the survival of the Porcupine caribou herd upon which the Gwich’in rely for their wellbeing. Canada must do more than speak out — we need diplomatic pressure, cross-border cooperation, and support for Indigenous leadership to protect it. No amount of oil is worth the destruction of a way of life.
Gabrielle Dupont - Green Party of Canada

The Green Party strongly opposes oil and gas development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. We will continue to advocate in parliament and through diplomatic engagement for full protection of the Refuge.
We propose the creation of an internationally recognized Arctic Protected Zone, similar to the Antarctic protection area, where no mineral resource exploration is permitted by any country.

We support the ban of industrial development in key wildlife corridors to ensure habitat continuity for species at risk and migratory wildlife.

Want to read more? CPAWS National posed environmental questions to each party leader.

Party Leader Responses

April 17 2025

Panel Discussion: Future of Mining in the Yukon

CPAWS Yukon Blog, Uncategorized

Future of Mining in the Yukon

Transformative Mining and Alternatives Panel

Explore how Indigenous Nations can direct how mining happens on their traditional territories and how mining fits within other land-use and land-relationship priorities.

This panel was held on April 10th, 2025 with panelists Jamie Kneen (Co-Manager, MiningWatch Canada), Gùdia MJ Johnson, (Lhù’ààn Mân Ku Dan Elder), and Keyshawn Sawyer (Youth Counsellor, Selkirk First Nation). It was moderated by Jared Gonet and Caitlynn Beckett. The information shared in this panel remains the intellectual property of the knowledge holder and is being shared graciously for this panel session. You may not reshare or use this information without express consent by the knowledge holder. For inquires to share this information, please email jared.gonet@gmail.com.

“One week after Kluane First Nation signed their land claim and final agreements for self-government, this area was full of helicopters. We had helicopters flying from in the morning until it was dark at night. Everywhere you went out on the land, there was a peg and a red flag everywhere, right up to any protected areas boundaries. This was right through this whole landscape that is a homeland, not only homeland for the 2-legged, but the 4-legged, the finned, the winged, the rooted. We have seen mining in this area here [since] 1907.”

— Gùdia MJ Johnson, Lhù’ààn Mân Ku Dan Elder

“In our final agreements it states [under current legislation] that these claims are put forward and will prevail over the rights and interests of Indigenous people in the Yukon. That’s why with the chiefs and workshop that we’ve had there was a lot of good discussions of how we should carry this forward, implement rights into this new legislation, and really give more power to the indigenous people that are affected by these claims.”

— Keyshawn Sawyer, Selkirk First Nation

“I think one of the only ways that mining really does benefit people is if it creates that secondary layer of expertise, knowledge, and training so that people have skills that are transferable, that help build the whole community. Not just operate a mine, [but] go beyond machinery operators [so] you start getting engineers and tradespeople that can do other things that are helpful.”

— Jamie Kneen, MiningWatch Canada

“Mining needs to fit into land relationship. Not only the relationship of people and the value that people place on the land, but you need to look at the value that caribou place on the land. Where are they raising their young? Where are they wintering. Where is the salmon coming from? How far do the salmon? All the different species of salmon that come up into the water system right up and through to the headwaters, where are there significant areas that we just can’t touch?”

— Gùdia MJ Johnson, Lhù’ààn Mân Ku Dan Elder

“If land use planning is built from the community level, then it responds to those [on the ground] priorities. It responds to those concerns. It’s not responding to outside demands. It’s not responding to international trade pressures. It’s following the land. It’s following the flow of the water and the animals . I think that’s really the key. People have to be working on those decisions from a position of strength. We can talk about free, prior informed consent, but to make to make decisions in your own best interest… [mining] has to be only one of the choices. It can’t be the only escape from poverty, the only escape for development in a region or in a community before we can start making those decisions properly. ”

— Jamie Kneen, MiningWatch Canada

“First Nations young people need to be engaged. They need to be the land monitors. They need to have indigenous monitoring for fisheries, for the rivers turning orange because of the mineralization of [melting] permafrost. The young people do not have to be the workers — they need to be cared for and looked after because they are the future stewards on this land. It is our generation that has to make sure [of] the ability of the next generation to care for the land with the same kind of magnitude of generational care, rather than [being] only one generation that strips this land and all we leave is reclamation for the next two or three decades, for generations to pay for one generation to benefit from that land”

— Gùdia MJ Johnson, Lhù’ààn Mân Ku Dan Elder

“I’m doing my duty as a First Nations leader to really push forward and try to create better mining because we do need mining. Even citizens and Yukoners we can all contribute to these things just by being involved and getting to know the company, trying to understand what mining is. Just you as an individual can make a lot of change just by knowing more about what’s going on in your traditional territory, being at those community meetings, the engagement sessions to put your input in to the company so that they can possibly change their ways of thinking in the long term.”

— Keyshawn Sawyer, Selkirk First Nation

“Each Nation has to pursue legal controls in its own territory, apparently because governments won’t just do what the Supreme Court says needs to be done. That’s with respect to Section 35 of the Canadian Constitution [which is] about consulting and accommodating Indigenous peoples [but] not about free, prior, informed consent or honouring Canada’s commitment to the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples… For communities it’s kind of a struggle to regain any semblance of control over what happens within the territory, because legal interest has already been given away by the government.”

— Jamie Kneen, MiningWatch Canada

“First Nations have to do that continually. We’re always having to go to court about something. We’re taking our knowledge systems and getting them tested in colonial laws that don’t even have an understanding of the depth and the magnitude of that law in caring for that land”

— Gùdia MJ Johnson, Lhù’ààn Mân Ku Dan Elder

“With Minto this bigger mining company Capstone came in, took the back strap and the most valuable copper out of out of that mountain, and then sold it to another, a junior mining company [Pembridge] that just started up… Company greed that can really get to these companies, especially small junior mining companies. In my perspective, they should not be able to hold a major mine like that. They don’t have the deep pockets to adequately fund a project. They’re kind of in there just to take what they can get out and go find the next new project.”

— Keyshawn Sawyer, Selkirk First Nation

“There are some [mining companies] who are starting from a position of real collaboration with communities and with nations. [But] the system as it is doesn’t work for that because they can’t compete with the cowboys. While they’re sitting down with the leadership of the Nation and talking about what areas are suitable for mining, where they should be staking their claims, and where they should do their exploration, someone else has already gone in and staked the claim.”

— Jamie Kneen, MiningWatch Canada

“[Mining] could be harmful to our people if we’re not in a right or the right space. If we’re being thrown all these types of dollars for royalty, but we have a drug crisis going on right now, we have a housing crisis. We have all these issues that are arising and depleting the mental health of our people. What’s that money gonna do for us? To put a company forward to consider those things, yeah they’re going to fall off their chair. They’re not going to be able to really understand what that means in the long-term”

— Keyshawn Sawyer, Selkirk First Nation

“Sharing knowledge between communities, between First Nations, between governments is what will enrich the sustainability of the mining businesses, mining sectors, and the mining economy that much of the Yukon continues to base itself on. This kind of sharing is essential, not just for our decision-making right now, but for the generations ahead. We need to continue to look to seven generations ahead and their abilities to be able to sustain themselves within that kind of economy. We need to make sure that we share these kinds of challenges, these kinds of potential solutions. If we don’t share, then continually each one of us is going to try it and fail. Try it and fail. Rather, we [should] bring it all together and strengthen our way forward.

— Gùdia MJ Johnson, Lhù’ààn Mân Ku Dan Elder

“Maybe mining isn’t an all or nothing game but more of a question of where and when and how, and being able to say, ‘No.’”

— Caitlynn Beckett, Memorial University

Transformative Mining and Alternatives is a series of four public, virtual panels with thinkers and leaders from across the Yukon and beyond to ask: How can we transform mining to ensure disasters such as the Eagle Mine failure never happen again? What are the alternatives to resource economies?

Supported by CPAWS Yukon, To Swim and Speak with Salmon, and Research from the Front Lines. Organized by Jared Gonet (Director, To Swim and Speak with Salmon, Faculty in Indigenous Governance and Science at Yukon University and PhD candidate at University of Alberta), Caitlynn Beckett (PhD Candidate at Memorial University), and Krystal Isbister (PhD candidate at University of Alberta and Yukon University); all of whom do research on mining or land relations in the Yukon.

Quotes edited for length and clarity.

March 31 2025

Cyanide in the Environment: A webinar on the Eagle Mine disaster

CPAWS Yukon Blog, Uncategorized

Cyanide in the Environment

A webinar on the Eagle Mine disaster

Compiled by Paula Gomez Villalba | March 31, 2025

In the wake of the Eagle Mine disaster, Yukon Seed & Restoration hosted a webinar with updates on the disaster response and ongoing risks from the toxic cyanide solution. Mark O’Donoghue, retired Biologist and advisor to the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun, explained the initial heap leach failure and outlined the response so far, including water treatment, storage capacity, groundwater contamination, and ongoing monitoring. Cyanide, cobalt and mercury are three major contaminants of concern. Dr. Laurie Chan, Canada Research Chair in Toxicology and Environmental Health and University of Ottawa professor, spoke about their chemistry, toxicity, and environmental health risks. These conversations are especially important as the Eagle Mine disaster continues to unfold, with toxic water still seeping into the land.

Mark O’Donoghue on Eagle Mine

“It’s been damage control and it’s been triage… This is all happening very quickly. The emphasis has been on avoiding a catastrophe… If nothing was done to contain the water, we would have had a surface spill of cyanide water and that could still be the case because their ponds are quite full there. It would flow from the creek and the toxins out there would have certainly killed everything down the McQuesten River and it would likely have done so down part of the Stewart River as well.”

“There’s massive contamination that’s gone into the groundwater, both in terms of when it first slid and now it’s been leaking since then… But it is estimated that there’s several hundred thousand cubic meters of contaminated solution in the groundwater. So that’s several hundred million liters. It’s a huge amount of contaminated groundwater in the lower Dublin Gulch area.”

“The plume of contaminated groundwater from the mine site has reached Haggart Creek and is having an increasing effect on water quality in the creek. There’s lots of uncertainties about where the water’s going and whether it’s even reasonable to intercept it.”

“Haggart Creek has huge value biologically and culturally. It’s known as a salmon-spawning stream and a salmon-rearing stream. It also has a hugely important grayling run. This is the most important grayling fishery in the Na-Cho Nyäk Dun traditional territory, right where the Haggart Creek comes into the South McQuesten River. The grayling congregate there in March/April, and people go there and fish through the ice. It is a big community event every year.”

“One of the big problems is that [Victoria Gold’s] water treatment plant was never designed to take cyanide out. It was designed to deal with other water that’s coming out of the mine area where they’re mining [with] high turbidity, other metals in it. This water treatment plant had to be repurposed and basically jury-rigged to try and make it so it could remove the cyanide. Getting this right has taken a lot longer than I expected.”

“Each of these dots is a different water monitoring station within the first four kilometers south of where Dublin Gulch flows into the creek. Water quality stayed quite safe all the way through September and then cyanide started increasing and has increased pretty steadily since then… That’s the case with some other contaminants.

— Mark O’Donoghue with the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun

Increase in cyanide levels at stations 4 km from the mine.

Consistently high mercury levels at stations 4 km from the mine.

Cobalt levels increasing at stations 8 km from the mine.

Dr Laurie Chan on Cyanide

“It’s fairly uncommon to have high levels of cyanide in the environment so there is relatively few data and very few studies looking at the impact of cyanide in the environment.”

“Cyanide is a very well-known poison. It’s very toxic, but at low doses, our bodies can handle it. Moose and caribou, all animals have some capacity to detoxify the cyanide and then excrete it. It doesn’t stay in the body for long. It doesn’t bioaccumulate in the body.”

“Cyanide in water does not bioaccumulate in tissues or fish because it gets transformed and released. [When] eating fish the risk of contaminative cyanide is low… If there’s a dead fish, there may be some residual cyanide in the fish, but if the fish is alive and kicking, it shouldn’t be a major risk of cyanide.”

“Fish and plankton, those little animals or plants that fish eat, are very sensitive to cyanide…The Canadian drinking water guideline is 0.2 milligram per litre. The guideline for fish is .005 milligram per litre. So, humans are more resistant to cyanide than fish.”

“Cyanide actually inhibits respiration in the cell and it doesn’t discriminate what cell. So that’s why cyanide has got systemic toxicity. It affects the whole body.”

“We get cyanide usually through breathing in, eating, drinking water, or even contacts from skin absorption. The concern is not just ingesting water. If the creek or the river is contaminated, if kids are swimming there, then we need to worry about thermal absorption as a route as well, not just drinking.”

Dr Laurie Chan on Other Contaminants

“Organic mercury can bioaccumulate unlike cyanide and cobalt. It will accumulate in the body of fish and animals. The bigger the fish is and the older the fish is, the more mercury it will have in the body… Mercury attacks the brain and the heart… If there’s consistent release of mercury in the environment, the sediment will have high levels of mercury in the river or the creek, and if there is the right bacteria it will become organic mercury that goes into fish. The fish will have high mercury and not be fit for human consumption. It’s a long-term effect, the mercury doesn’t go away easily.”

“Cobalt is 50 times less toxic than cyanide. Since it’s a nutrient and not very toxic, we don’t have any drinking water guidelines for cobalt. But in the environment, cobalt released in soil, water, plants and cannot be created or destroyed. Cobalt in water has two different forms, one that binds to particles and one that dissolves. The dissolved cobalt is more bioavailable and toxic.”

“We are still in the early stage of understanding what are the impacts of these chemicals in the environment and to people in the area. So we need, definitely, more monitoring…and then we need to do risk assessment, looking at this information and having a better understanding of what do people use, where do people hang out to actually estimate the dose, to answer the question of what might be the effects.”

There’s a lot of fear and uncertainty surrounding the Eagle Mine disaster and the decades of cleanup ahead. The impacts aren’t just technical, they’re deeply personal too. This disaster will continue to affect life-sustaining waters and how people connect with the land. It threatens health, culture, and future generations—but this isn’t something we simply have to accept. There are ways to push for accountability, protect communities, and stand in solidarity with the First Nation of Na-cho Nyäk Dun.

“Go to the emergency response webpage and fill out the letter to send to your local MP/MLA demanding that we get a public inquiry on this so we get to the bottom of it and it never happens again. ”

— Chief Dawna Hope, First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun

Join the call for a public inquiry

FNNND emergency response webpage

The webinar was hosted by Yukon Seed and Restoration on Monday, March 10th, 2025 with in-person showings at Ihdzí’ in Mayo and the NNDDC office in Whitehorse, Yukon. Quotes edited for length and clarity. The full webinar recording can be found here.

March 31 2025

Panel Discussion: Alternatives to Mining

CPAWS Yukon Blog

Alternatives to Mining

Transformative Mining and Alternatives Panel

There’s a lot of focus on the economic need for mining in the Yukon, with little attention paid to alternative economies and investment opportunities. Hear more about alternatives to extraction in the Yukon.

This panel was held on March 25th, 2025 as part of a series of four public, virtual panels with thinkers and leaders from across the Yukon and beyond to ask: How can we transform mining to ensure disasters such as the Eagle Mine failure never happen again? What are the alternatives to resource economies?

Panelists included Helaina Moses (First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun), Steve Ellis (MakeWay), Teri-Lee Issac (Tutchone Tours), Jani Djokic (Na-Cho Nyäk Dun Development Corporation). Moderated by Jared Gonet (To Swim and Speak with Salmon).

“If more money was invested in renewable energy, this could be promoting ecotourism and supporting sustainable industries in the Yukon. It could really reduce its reliance on the mining resources economy”

— Teri-Lee Issac, Tutchone Tours

“I get to look at everything as an economic ecosystem, as a whole — taking a lot of those principles of circular economies and from a community resilience standpoint [to ask], how does each opportunity feed into each other? I think that is a path forward for a lot more sustainability if we are going to reduce our dependence on the mineral resource economy, knowing that there’s still a lot of volatility in some of the other alternative economic models and opportunities.”

— Jani Djokic, Na-Cho Nyäk Dun Development Corporation

“We see this trend in the Yukon of abandoned mines and companies just leaving their projects… It feels like it’s almost left to our responsibility. It feels like Indigenous governments are the ones pushing Yukon government for help, pushing Yukon government for more things to do the reclamation work. I see economic opportunities [there], maybe tree planting or even starting a native seed bank in the Yukon because mining companies do reclamation with out of province sourced seeds… As you look at project timelines, you don’t do reclamation until after the mine is closed, which I think is wrong, and a little backwards. We could be doing things a lot better when we talk about sustainable mining.”

— Helaina Moses, First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun Citizen

“My friend mused that actually northern Indigenous communities do a whole bunch of stuff really well, don’t need to build their capacity because they already do this stuff inherently well, extremely strong. Let’s build an economic model that suits what Indigenous Northern communities want to do, what they aspire to do and what they’re already really damn good at. It totally flips the script around. It’s our responsibility to build an economic model that suits the strengths and the assets that are already in our communities in the North.”

— Steve Ellis, MakeWay

“There’s an [extractive] economic model that’s ‘inherently’ good and ‘inherently’ right and northern Indigenous peoples and their communities are [treated] at a deficit to participate effectively. So, all the investment that’s made in the North is about capacity-building, training, and bringing especially Indigenous peoples from remote communities into that workforce. It’s certainly generated some wealth for some individuals and families, but it’s created also environmental problems, social problems, and so on.”

— Steve Ellis, MakeWay

“It’s very important to teach our youth the traditional lifestyle, and if they’re not Indigenous, just having them there. We live in the North, they gotta learn some survival skills on the land in case they have to turn back to the land if anything were to happen in this crazy world that we live in”

— Teri-Lee Issac, Tutchone Tours

“Bringing people together to do the reclamation, the work to heal the land is so important. It brings more healing in communities, because you bring back that reconnection to planting a tree or picking seeds. I feel like there’s a lot of interconnected things that could [arise] if we started a seeding project in the Yukon. We could also focus on medicines or berries. We would be improving food sovereignty for communities. It doesn’t just necessarily need to be trees and grass, we can Indigenize it and make it fun and build relationships with communities”

— Helaina Moses, First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun Citizen

“When we talk about ecotourism, that is an economy in itself. When we talk about restoration, that is an economy in itself. In our current overarching financial systems, at least here in Canada, those aren’t valued as economies. Those aren’t valued as assets. It has been very difficult for me in my role, working in a corporate structure where you have to go to the banks for financing, and you’re constantly having to fight against: But where’s the building? How much is the building worth? How much is the equipment worth? And that’s not what we’re talking about…there are so many other indicators that we need to start developing. We’re only going to do that through partnership and at the local level, to figure out what is it on a very local level that matters and have that feed up into the financial systems that exist.”

— Jani Djokic, Na-Cho Nyäk Dun Development Corporation

“There’s programs and services in tourism that you could really look up [as an] entrepreneur. That’s what really triggered me to start my business, although I had that idea in the back of my mind for 10 years. After taking a 10 month training in tourism, I was like, ‘Yeah, I’m going to do this…’ Yukon First Nations also just came out with a land-based grant to do on the land-based camp. So I was able to tap into that… I just feel like there’s a lot of support for especially Indigenous tourism”

— Teri-Lee Issac, Tutchone Tours

Quotes edited for length and clarity.

March 13 2025

Yukon court dismisses case that threatened the Peel Plan

CPAWS Yukon Blog, Uncategorized

Written by Joti Overduin, rally photos by Adil Darvesh | March 13, 2025

After rallying together in the cold in Whitehorse and across the Yukon and NWT last November, the ruling from the judge to dismiss the Yukon government’s case was very much welcome. It was a decision that reflected the reactions of many from the outset of this confusing and disappointing court action on YESAB’s recommendation that the Michelle Creek mining project not proceed.

The Yukon Supreme Court judge determined that bringing this court action forward was both not legally permissible, and out of step with the constitutionally protected process. The judge didn’t touch on the specifics of the YESAB recommendation or how YESAB went about creating it, as that is meant to be discussed between the Yukon government, Trondëk Hwëch’in, and the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun.

At CPAWS Yukon we all shared feelings of deep gratitude to Trondëk Hwëch’in and the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun for all the energy, time, and work dedicated to defending the integrity of the Peel Plan and the Final Agreements. There was also a strong focus on the importance of baseline data (information about an area before exploration or mining) to evaluate potential impacts and the effectiveness of mitigation efforts on the land, waters, and wildlife—critical not only for the Peel but for development proposals throughout the Yukon.

Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in (TH), First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun (FNNND), Gwich'in Tribal Council, Vuntut Gwitchin, Yukon government signed the completed Peel Plan in 2019.

A silver exploration project was proposed by Silver47 that would overlap with multiple Wilderness Areas and important habitat for caribou and sheep. YESAB recommended it not proceed, and the Yukon government took YESAB to court over this recommendation.

In 2019 the Peel Plan was signed and celebrated in Mayo and in 2021 the first exploration project in the Peel goes to YESAB. YESAB recommends “no” following standards in Peel Plan in 2022 and one month later Yukon government receives lobby letter from Silver47. Throughout 2022/2023 Yukon government consultations with FNNND and TH are "postponed” and on May 29, 2023 Yukon government announces court action against YESAB, while The judicial review was held in Whitehorse in Nov 2024.

A judicial review asks the court to decide if something a public body did was "reasonable" based on how its supposed to operate. Yukon government asked the court to throw out YESAB's recommendation because it claims YESAB did not have the right to make it.

Heard in the Courtroom... YESAB’s reading of the Peel Plan was “dead wrong” (Yukon government). The Peel Plan “does not have the force of law” and so YESAB was obliged to abide by the Quartz Mining Act (Silver47). Note the Quartz Mining Act was enacted way back in 1924, amended a few times, and in the process of being replaced! Ruling in favour of Yukon government’s “selective and impoverished reading” of the Peel Plan would reduce YESAB’s efficiency and ability to make unbiased recommendations for fear of ongoing review and litigation (Attorney General of Canada). Yukon government has behaved in a way which is “inconsistent” to their obligations under the UFA and the spirit of the Peel Plan (First Nation of Na-cho Nyäk Dun). The hearing represented an attack on the Peel Plan as the recommendation was fair and reasonable (Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in).

Heard in the Courtroom... YESAB needed to “stay in its lane” and overstepped its powers by recommending against the project (Yukon government). “Saying ‘no’ is the very last option in the process” (Yukon government). Note if the judge ruled in favour of this, that would mean that it’s on YESAB to prove if a project would be too harmful. While the Yukon went on a "line-by-line treasure hunt for error," the recommendation did not contain any major issues (Attorney General of Canada). It’s not YESAB’s responsibility to make a project conform to a plan, otherwise it eventually “becomes something other than the project being proposed” (YESAB). YESAB is supposed to provide “speedy” and “timely” recommendations and so it would have been far more unreasonable to refuse to make one (Attorney General of Canada). YESAB had “support” from First Nations and other bodies to interpret treaties and land use plans. These documents need to be read “in their entirety” to be properly applied (Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in).

Heard in the Courtroom... Baseline data not needed until only before mining development, not before exploration (Silver47). Note Yukon government agreed with this at first, but later dropped it because it contradicted their own project feedback submitted in 2022. Silver47 did not know and were not told that refusing to provide baseline data in the timeline requested could result in a rejection. No past judgments show that baseline data must be provided at this stage (Silver47). Note this is like going to get your driver’s license and not bringing your documents, but still expecting to get approved! Exploration is not low-impact, as it involves heavy machines, camps, and helicopters (First Nation of Na-cho Nyäk Dun). Collecting baseline data during exploration, not before, would make it “impossible to understand and ameliorate” impacts and wildlife, and would not be a true baseline in the first place (First Nation of Na-cho Nyäk Dun). Even in the absence of that data it’s possible to extrapolate what is likely to happen over the course of exploration and development to wildlife (Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in).

Heard in the Courtroom... Consultation was at the “lowest” level of priority, and not needed until only before mining development, not exploration in any case (Yukon government). If this is how the Peel Plan is to be interpreted and applied in the future, it represents “something much less than [we] bargained for” (Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in). The judicial review itself represents a “failure of reconciliation” (First Nation of Na-cho Nyäk Dun). Lawyers cited numerous legal cases which suggested the precedent that provincial and territorial governments do have a treaty obligation to consult before doing something like this (First Nation of Na-cho Nyäk Dun). Note ruling is expected relatively soon, around Feb 2025; stay tuned for more updates!

Peel Watershed court case update from December 2024. This isn’t a comprehensive summary of the court proceedings, but rather a glimpse into some key points that stood out to us.

Now that the court action has been dismissed, it is time for the Yukon government to go back to the process of consulting Trondëk Hwëch’in and the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun on YESAB’s recommendation for the proposed exploration project. We remain curious and hopeful that the Yukon government will work together with both First Nations to ensure the Peel Plan is upheld, and that it follows YESAB’s thorough recommendation that this first application to develop in the Peel not go ahead. We must ensure that development in the Peel and throughout the Yukon is done in a way the reflects not just the needs of our generation, but many generations from now too.

“It took many years of work and many court challenges before the Peel Plan was finally approved, and yesterday’s Court decision builds on the significant effort of Yukon First Nations and all Yukoners to ensure that the Peel Plan is properly and honourably implemented. This is a win for TH and for land use planning under our treaty.”

— Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in Deputy Chief Erin McQuaig

“We are pleased to see Chief Justice Duncan rightfully recognize that Yukon’s case was inappropriate and should never have been brought. We hope Yukon will reconsider its approach to the Michelle Creek project and recognize the project should not proceed—as YESAB determined.”

— First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun Chief Dawna Hope

Protect the Peel rally across the Yukon and NWT

: Dawson, YT (photo by Sharon Vittrekwa)

: Whitehorse, YT (photo by Adil Darvesh)

: Tsiigehtchic, NWT (photo by Fredrick Sonny Blake)

: Whitehorse, YT (photo by Adil Darvesh)

: Fort McPherson, NWT (photo by Laura Nerysoo)

: Mayo, YT (photo by Erin Holm)

March 11 2025

Panel Discussion: Mining on Unceded Territories

CPAWS Yukon Blog, Uncategorized

Mining on Unceded Territories

Transformative Mining and Alternatives Panel

As Yukon mineral legislation is being re-written, explore the history and future of mining on unceded Indigenous Lands in the Yukon.

This panel was held on March 6th, 2025 as part of a series of four public, virtual panels with thinkers and leaders from across the Yukon and beyond to ask: How can we transform mining to ensure disasters such as the Eagle Mine failure never happen again? What are the alternatives to resource economies?

Panelists included Testloa Smith (Kaska Elder), Josh Barichello (Ross River Dena Council Lands Department), Ann Maje Raider (Kaska Elder, Liard Aboriginal Women’s Society), Linda McDonald (Liard First Nation, Liard Aboriginal Women’s Society), and Hammond Dick (Kaska Elder). Moderated by Caitlynn Beckett (Memorial University) and Jared Gonet (Yukon University).

“Our land, we say, is unceded. It means no treaty, and we still maintain that today. [This] does bring the government to our table. It does bring industry to our table. But they have a process, YESAB, which is legislated to look at how projects are being developed and permitted to become a mine. Because of the time they have slotted to do their assessment there seems to be a big gap [in] what our nation understands about the land, about the animals, about the water, and about all the plants. Traditional knowledge has to be incorporated into these discussions. They’ve tried to, but still they’re not getting [it in] the ways that we wanted to see.”

— Testloa Smith, Kaska Elder

“Back in 2014, the Kaska Nation challenged Yukon government’s free entry into their mining claims and the claims [that] were staked by exploration companies without consultation, because it was adversely affecting aboriginal rights and titles and interests. To date, we’re pushing hard to make sure that any mining companies that have an interest in setting up shop in our traditional territory [are] going to be faced with that prospect of consultation and accommodation. We’re out there, and we’re quite observant about what’s going on.”

— Hammond Dick, Kaska Elder

“For the most part [the people who are there developing the land], they’re from all over the world, or from other parts of the world, whereas Kaska people and other people are living there. The word Kēyeh, for example, I believe comes from the word ‘foot’ or ‘boot’. We’ve walked on the land, we know the land, our ancestors knew the land, and that’s the relationship to the land. There’s a huge difference just in the perspective and the respect for the land.”

— Linda McDonald, Liard First Nation, Liard Aboriginal Women’s Society

“If you’re being compensated for something, is that, in a way, just an easy way for the mining companies and governments to [get] a green light to do the damage in the first place… How are you going to compensate for a caribou herd? What kind of dollar figure are you going to put on that?”

— Linda McDonald, Liard First Nation, Liard Aboriginal Women’s Society

“The mining companies and legislation do not allow looking at the gender-based analysis when it comes to mining and looking at perpetrators of violence coming into these mining camps. What’s not factored in YESAB is the cultural relevance, the social relevance of mining, what happens to our community, the addictions. None of that is factored. It’s time we look at YESAB and we look at mining legislation that really does protect our lands and our rights to the land.”

— Ann Maje Raider, Kaska Elder, Liard Aboriginal Women’s Society

“I think what has been happening in our territory is that they’ve been stomping on our aboriginal rights and title because they know we don’t have the money. They come and stomp more, [like] the most recent decision with a mine in our backyard. You know our people are saying no. But they don’t want to listen because it means money in the back pockets of government… Our people still live in poverty. The mines come and go, and who’s left with the toxins? We are. Our land is precious to us as it was to our ancestors, but they don’t want to hear [that], so our only recourse is always courts.”

— Ann Maje Raider, Kaska Elder, Liard Aboriginal Women’s Society

“When I listen to many stories of what happened during the land claims discussions, [there’s] rationale for that powerful decision that Kaska made. There were many reasons, but one thing that I hear again and again, is that dividing the land, putting boundaries and borders, and treating different lands differently, was a challenging thing to reconcile for those elders who had a responsibility to all of their territory, to all of their land. Cede, release, and surrender became part of crown lands, the lands that were not chosen to be settlement lands, [and that] was hard to reconcile.”

— Josh Barichello, Ross River Dena Council Lands Department

“They have applications to go and make their trail, to go and drill further on the same area as the [proposed BMC mine]. Now we say the same thing as [with] the mine. We say we got concerns about the caribou, about the water, about our plants, and our gophers, our small animals that we harvest. Yet [they] say you guys are talking about mine permitting, we’re talking about drilling. But it’s the same area, the same concept, the same thing. That’s what really frustrates us. That’s why you hear about colonialism, of things that they try to separate… Our people understand water goes out past the footprint; the animals go past the footprint of the mine.”

— Testloa Smith, Kaska Elder

“The Lands Department, especially in the context without a final agreement, are so underfunded and don’t have the mechanisms that came from the UFA to really get involved in the same way, and so everybody else sort of has a leg up in terms of their ability to engage. At the same time, we’ve been bombarded, absolutely suffocated with all these outside interests. If you look at a map of mineral claims in the Ross River part of the Kaska Nation, I think it’s about 16% of the area has been staked, the rocks have been given away with no treaty on unceded land, with no Kaska consent, or very little consultation in many cases.”

— Josh Barichello, Ross River Dena Council Lands Department

Supported by CPAWS Yukon, To Swim and Speak with Salmon, and Research from the Front Lines. Organized by Jared Gonet (Faculty in Indigenous Governance and Science at Yukon University and PhD candidate at University of Alberta), Caitlynn Beckett (PhD Candidate at Memorial University), and Krystal Isbister (PhD candidate at University of Alberta and Yukon University); all of whom do research on mining or land relations in the Yukon.

Quotes edited for length and clarity.

March 7 2025

What the Heap? Understanding the cyanide disaster at Eagle Mine

CPAWS Yukon Blog, Uncategorized

What the Heap?

Understanding the cyanide disaster at Eagle Mine

Written by Paula Gomez Villalba and Nicole Schafenacker | March 7, 2025

On June 24, 2024, the heap leach at Victoria’s Gold’s Eagle Mine near Mayo, Yukon, on the traditional territory of the First Nation of Na-cho Nyäk Dun (FNNND), failed, causing a slide that released 300,000 cubic meters of cyanide-contaminated water into the ecosystem.

The cycle that kept hundreds of millions of litres of toxic solution contained broke.

Victoria Gold was unprepared for the crisis, and in the months following the disaster failed to take adequate steps to mitigate the damage, while their financial prospects tanked. Late last summer a court put Victoria Gold into receivership, transferring control of the mine site and the company’s finances to more competent hands. Still, there are huge challenges to overcome, like containing the contaminated water, keeping storage ponds from leaking and overflowing, and stabilizing what remains of the heap leach.

This disaster is yet the latest example showing the Yukon is far behind when it comes to responsible mining. A public inquiry can help us change that. We must understand what policies, decisions, and actions from government and Victoria Gold management led to this disaster.

Sign our letter calling for a public inquiry

Water contaminated with cyanide and heavy metals is still seeping into the ground. It has reached local waterways, including Haggart Creek in the South McQuesten watershed, home to grayling, and Yukon River Salmon.

Here, in the South McQuesten River watershed, people fish, hunt, and pick berries. Moose and grizzly bears care for their young, and thousands of birds find refuge during migration. There is no doubt that this disaster will change how people interact with the area.

Quotes from CBC News feature by Julien Greene highlighting people who live near the Eagle Mine Disaster site: Troubled water.

Join the call for a public inquiry

How did the Eagle Mine heap leach work?
To better grasp why this disaster requires immediate action, it’s helpful to understand how heap leaching generally works.
1. A toxic cyanide solution was applied to the top of the heap leach pad.
2. The heap leach pad is where rock containing gold (also called ore) was piled up over a protective liner that protects the ground underneath.
3. The toxic solution seeped down through the rocks, dissolving the gold and collecting in an in-heap pond underneath the pile on the pad.
4. A pump system collected the solution from the in-heap pond to a plant where the gold was extracted, and the solution cycled back through the same process.
5. Farther down from the embankment, a lined storage pond was available to catch solution overflowing from the in-heap pond in emergency situations, like large rainfalls and pump failures. It was small, able to only hold 3-days worth of overflow solution.
The breakdown of the heap leach leaves the nearby lands and water facing an uncertain future at each step of the process. In an update from last fall (before the snowfall), FNNND reported over 600 million litres of cyanide solution remained at Eagle Mine, in surface ponds and circulating through the damaged heap facility, with minimal water treatment available.
What happened?

In the disaster, the mine’s heap leach facility, a huge pile of rock over which cyanide solution is cycled to extract gold from the ore, failed. The resulting slide and damage to the facility released over 300,000 cubic metres of cyanide-contaminated water into the ecosystem. A month after the initial failure, the territorial government stepped in to begin groundwater interception, and later a full response coordinated by the territorial government with the FNNND emergency response team and federal government.

Even now, eight months later, cyanide is still infiltrating into the environment, with leaks recently reported from a ruptured pipe and from a storage pond meant to contain contaminated water.

Victoria Gold, the owner of Eagle Mine, had a history of violations, unrealized plans, and broken promises, and repeatedly failing to follow the requirements of their operating licenses or meet deadlines to bring the site into compliance. Mining failures like this should never happen again.

“Yukon Government has a lax approach to permitting, compliance, monitoring, and enforcement of mineral activity in the Yukon, and this approach was reflected in YG’s oversight-or lack thereof-of the Eagle Gold Mine… [including] allowing Victoria Gold Corp to operate the Heap Leach Facility without proven cyanide treatment capacity, contrary to the conditions of its Water Use Licence” — First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun letter to the Auditor General of Canada

There are a lot of questions unanswered, and a public inquiry is the only way forward to give the South McQuesten watershed the justice and respect it deserves. Tell Yukon government there must be a public inquiry.

Why is a public inquiry needed?

The Yukon government has committed to a technical review of the heap leach failure and, while this is important work, it’s not enough to break the long pattern of failed mines in the Yukon. We must look at why the heap leach failed—not only the narrow ways of how it failed. A technical review looks at this disaster in isolation, focusing solely on the technical and physical ways the heap leach failed like engineering design and operational decisions, but a public inquiry goes beyond that.
With the authority to subpoena witnesses, documents, and expert testimony, a public inquiry would also investigate broader systemic issues that may have contributed to the Eagle Mine disaster. It would examine whether oversight, permitting processes, and enforcement were effective or if regulatory gaps played a role. A public inquiry would also allow for community voices, impacted First Nations, and independent experts to provide testimony.
A public inquiry looks at all the evidence with accountability and transparency, and would help rebuild the trust this disaster has damaged. The First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun has called on the Yukon government to launch a full public inquiry and urged all Yukoners to join FNNND in these calls.

“A public inquiry is essential to look at how mines in Yukon are approved, regulated, inspected, and enforced. Without an understanding of what happened, justice cannot be served, and Yukon First Nations and Yukon mining operators cannot mitigate this from ever happening again.” — Call to action #4 from emergency-response.nndfn.com

You can help. Sign the open letter in support of an independent public inquiry.
The receivership of the Eagle Mine was positive news. What does it mean?

Victoria Gold’s response to the heap leach disaster did not inspire confidence that the lands, waters, and people downstream of the heap leach were in good hands. The company failed to communicate openly with Yukoners, the territorial government, and First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun, who they had an explicit agreement to communicate with. Victoria Gold repeatedly failed to meet deadlines for containing and treating contaminated water, and couldn’t even show significant progress. They also couldn’t show that they had the funds or capacity to properly contain and remediate the disaster. The company was placed into receivership for these and other reasons.

This means that a court, after hearing evidence from the Yukon government and First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun, appointed a third party, PricewaterhouseCoopers, to administer the assets and liabilities formerly under the control of Victoria Gold at the direction of the Yukon government. This allows the Yukon government and First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun to make more collaborative decisions and plans. The receivership also made sure that the disaster response was getting the resources it needed, and that the response was much more transparent.

While some have argued that the site should have been left in Victoria Gold’s hands and the company given a chance to find financing, this would be a very risky approach, especially given the territory’s checkered history with failed mines. In the past, the government often waited too long to step in while failing companies allowed environmental risks and costs to escalate at soon-to-be abandoned mine sites.
Where can I learn more?

Join the call for a public inquiry

Map of the McQuesten River (Et’o Nyäk Tagé in Northern Tutchone) Watershed

February 17 2025

Voices from the Wind River

CPAWS Yukon Blog, Events

Written by Paula Gomez Villalba | February 17, 2025

On a cool November afternoon, our team in town printed the last few posters and put the finishing touches on the Yukon Arts Centre lobby, which included dumping ice and drinks into a canoe. Organized by CPAWS Yukon in partnership with the Yukon First Nation Education Directorate (YFNED) and First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun (FNNND), the night would shine a light on youth river trips and help raise funds for future community trips.

In the lobby, photos from past trips and maps of land planning in the Yukon lined the walls, and tables showcased handmade art and merch to be auctioned off as part of our fundraiser. It was a packed house with around 250 people gathering for the Whitehorse premiere of “Connections,” followed by a conversation with participants and musical performances.

Before the film screening, an opening prayer and speeches from leaders in the community set the stage. Bill Bennet, Team Lead of the Mobile Therapeutic Unit at YFNED, spoke about bringing youth back to the land and stories from Mayo. Our Executive Director, Chris Pinkerton, shared words about responsibility—to land, water, and each other. FNNND Chief Dawna Hope shared:

“When the youth go out and they make the connections to the land, they come back and they’re understanding of the importance of the principles of water and land and have a connection to it — that’s what’s important to us. They come back and they are defenders.”

— FNNND Chief Dawna Hope

The short film “Connections” highlighted the journey down the Wind River in the Peel Watershed, and how we got here. Decades after Peel nations came together to bring forward their vision for the land, future generations are experiencing the deep learning and connection that comes from traveling through those lands and waters. In connecting with their traditional territories, many youth gain valuable tools, become leaders in their communities, and steward the lands and waters that have been cared for by their ancestors. These stories and the event as a whole reflected our shared commitment to supporting First Nations’ goals and safeguarding the Peel and other wild spaces for future generations.

During breaks, our team highlighted opportunities for the community to take action—not just for conservation, but for standing up for the values that matter. We spoke about the importance of protecting lands and waters, defending past decisions that put people and ecosystems first, and ensuring that commitments to conservation are upheld. This included an upcoming Protect the Peel rally, where hundreds gathered across the Yukon and NWT in a powerful show of unity.

: Dawson, YT (photo by Sharon Vittrekwa)

: Whitehorse, YT (photo by Adil Darvesh)

: Tsiigehtchic, NWT (photo by Fredrick Sonny Blake)

: Whitehorse, YT (photo by Adil Darvesh)

: Fort McPherson, NWT (photo by Laura Nerysoo)

: Mayo, YT (photo by Erin Holm)

After the film screening, participants reconnected to share their experiences navigating wildfires, watching wildlife for hours, finding strength, and embracing ceremony. The youth who joined us on stage showed incredible courage in front of a large audience. For most, this was their first time sharing stories in such a public way, and their strength was truly inspiring. Check out the blog that spotlights what they shared here.

Their stories set the tone for the rest of the evening, where music became another way to explore the deep connections between people, land, and water. Keitha Clark and Graeme Poile performed on their fiddle and guitar, and Keitha shared that many “tunes were really composed to explore how art and landscape intersect and how the landscape really inspires us as artists in the Yukon.”

When introducing the Mayo drumming group Remmi Elin, our wonderful MC Adil Darvesh (CPAWS Yukon Communications Manager) shared a special moment from a river trip on the Tsé Tagé (Beaver River) Watershed back in 2020:

“On the last day we were paddling into Mayo I was pretty tired, my shoulder really hurt, my arms were pretty fatigued, and every time we turned a corner that I thought that was going to be the last corner, it wasn’t, and there was another corner.

Eventually I heard in the faint distance a ‘boom.’ At first I thought it was a beaver or something that fell in the water but we noticed it was repeating, ‘boom, boom, boom.’

The energy amongst all of our paddlers kind of perked up and everyone knew we’re close to home and it was really exciting. I have to say the fatigue disappeared right away, you just kind of followed that rhythm and adrenaline and the energy just took over.”

— Adil Darvesh

Remmi Elin has supported many youth river trips co-organized by CPAWS Yukon, being there to send youth off on the journey or welcome them home. Each song performed at Voices from the Wind River was preceded with an introduction about its meaning—water, women, justice, and more. You can hear the song described below at 2:54:50 in our event recording.

“Water is life, it is vital for our survival. Our culture, traditions and way of life are deeply intertwined with the health of our waters and the integrity of our watersheds. We will sing this song in four rounds, each one representing the four nations: north, east, south, and west. This approach symbolizes the unity of all people and the interconnectedness of all life bound together by the sacredness of water. The song begins softly like a gentle creek then grows in strength as the water moves from creek bed to river and onward to the ocean. As we join in song, let us also join in purpose to honour and protect the lifegiving waters that connect and sustain us all”

In total, you helped us raise just over $9,500 through the live event and our featured auction. We are incredibly grateful to those that purchased tickets, directly donated, and helped spread the word. A lot of moving parts came together for this night of community, and everyone contributed in significant ways.

Original Event Details

Thursday, November 14th, 2024
Venue: Yukon Arts Centre
Doors open at 5:00 PM | Film screening begins at 6:00 PM
Musical performances by Remmi Elin, and Keitha Clarke with Graeme Poile.
Tickets are $25 for adults, $15 for students and children 12 and under. Available at purchasing.yukonartscentre.com.

Voices from the Wind River will feature the Whitehorse premiere of “Connections,” a short film by Bethany Paquette that follows youth on a journey through the Wind River. Leaders from the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun, the Yukon First Nation Education Directorate, CPAWS Yukon, and participants from the trip will all be there to speak after the film.

Enjoy incredible footage of the journey down the Wind River, a live performance from Mayo drum group Remmi Elin, and learn about Northern Tutchone land and water initiatives, and First Nation Education in the Yukon. Take action and help raise funds for future on-the-land trips with First Nations youth by bidding on unique items available on our online auction, which will run from November 1st to 30th. Your contributions directly support the next generation’s connection to the land and water.

Light snacks and refreshments will be provided. Proceeds from the event go directly toward future on-the-land trips with Yukon First Nations youth, helping to support programs to bring community members on backcountry trips.

This event is organized by CPAWS Yukon in partnership with the Yukon First Nation Education Directorate (YFNED) and First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun (FNNND).

About the Auction

CPAWS Yukon’s online auction runs from November 1st to 30th and features handmade items, beautiful art, merch from local businesses, and more. Help us raise funds for future river trips for Yukon First Nations youth by bidding! These canoe trips provide a powerful way to connect community members with their traditional territories and share the stories of the land and its people.

Auction items were donated by local businesses or individuals. We are so grateful for support from:

Air North – Arctic Media Creation/Atsushi Sugimoto Photography – Baked Café – Barb Buyck – Bostan Skrlj – Bullet Hole Bagels – Coast Mountain Sports – Cultured Fine Cheese – Hinterland Flour Mill – Icycle Sports – Karen Nicloux – Lumel Studios – Misha Donohoe – Murdoch’s Gem Shop – Peter Mather Photography – Robert Postma Photography – Sharon Vittrekwa – Sky High Wilderness Ranch – Triniti Technology – Whitehorse Nordic Centre – Winterlong Brewing Co. – Yukon First Nation Education Directorate – Yukon Film Society – Yukon Hiking – Yukon Wildlife Preserve

February 17 2025

Conversations with Voices from the Wind River

CPAWS Yukon Blog

Written by Paula Gomez Villalba | February 17, 2025

The 2023 Wind River Trip on the traditional territory of the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun and Tetlit Gwich’in began under the looming shadow of wildfires. On the day the group was set to depart, the entire community of Mayo was evacuated due to a nearby blaze. Flying into a nearby launching spot on float planes, the group soared above active fires and through mountain valleys cloaked in haze. Our Outreach Manager, Joti Overduin helped lead the trip and shared:

“At one point we weren’t sure if it was going to be safe for us to keep going. We had landed at McClusky Creek, portaged over and lined down the creek, and we were on the Wind River. But we had to take our time. Joel and I were the only ones that had done the river before, and I knew what was out there, but no one could see it at the beginning because it was all smoke.”

Having co-organized many trips over the years, our team has learned how important it is to build space into the itinerary for safety setbacks and rest. We worked tirelessly to ensure the group’s safety, maintaining constant communication with FNNND Lands and Wildland Fire in Mayo. The trip, co-organized by CPAWS Yukon, the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun (FNNND), and the Yukon First Nation Education Directorate (YFNED), was defined by both challenges and incredible moments of connection. Youth participants included Chayce Moses-McLaren, Dominic Palmer, Lucien Trudeau, and Shalaya Boss-Blackjack, alongside youth mentors Chantel Blysak, Kadrienne Hummel, and Laurent Turgeon-Dharmoo.

It was very exciting to have most participants join us for a conversation at Voices from the Wind River after the screening of “Connections,” a short film recounting their journey. What participants shared felt like an invitation to hop into the canoe with them, to reflect on the transformative power of being on the land, and to celebrate courage, resilience, and community. Led by Joti, Jona Barr, and Ashwin Freyne, with support from Bethany Paquette, Joel Luet, and Virginia Mitford, the group made their way downriver despite the smoky conditions.

“I was joking with Lucien about how the mountains behind the smoke look like big muffins and that kind of stuck throughout the whole trip. Then we were hit with this big lightning storm that shook the ground and it was kind of scary—our canoes were filled with water halfway. The next day it got even smokier so we weren’t sure what was going on, but Joti had good contact back in Mayo with Wildland Fire. The next site we were at was the last point where we could be evacuated from a nearby lake called Angel Lake, and that was when all the fires got put out around and downstream from us. The rain helped us continue on.” — Kadrienne Hummel

“When we stayed at this one campsite [near Angel Lake], it was all smoky and you couldn’t see anything except for the water and where you were. We went to sleep and then in the morning I got up and I looked outside my tent, you could see everything! It was a really sunny morning, nice crisp morning air. You could see all the mountains, all the braidings of the river, and I was so amazed.” — Shalaya Boss-Blackjack

“The trip had so many highlights in terms of how beautiful it was and also how difficult it was with all the rain and the fires and the paddling; 16 days is actually longer than it sounds” — Ashwin Freyne

“We watched a grizzly bear family just bathing. It was a really hot day that day and they were playing around in the stream and eating bearoots—eating while they’re still in the stream. We were at a safe distance to just sit and eat some berries, watch them from afar, and have a break” — Kadrienne Hummel

Bethany Paquette (left) was our filmmaker and helped guide the boat down the river, she shared: “It was really rewarding. I would usually get out of my tent and I would throw up the drone before I even went to the bathroom, and the last thing I did before going to sleep would be making sure all my batteries were charging. It was a very different trip for me.”

“There was time set aside so that we could rest at each camp spot. We had time to hike the mountains nearby and see some cool waterfalls but I think for this trip there was an opportunity for me to practice ceremony. I said a little prayer and I asked ancestors and Creator to watch over us to ensure that we have a safe journey home.” — Kadrienne Hummel

“We were stopping to take water samples as we went down the Wind River. FNNND and its partners doing a lot of research on water as well as permafrost, as water is of greatest importance to FNNND. Our group also helped collect information for FNNND about some of the cultural sites along the way” — Joti Overduin

Joel Luet shared wisdom from his previous paddling down the Wind River that helped make the journey smoother. He highlighted a funny moment during Voices from the Wind River that speaks to teamwork and the unpredictability of river trips: “One afternoon we just got pounded by a thunderstorm, but as soon as we hit the shore everyone was just working to get the tarps up. Of course as soon as the tarps were up. the rain stopped—so I guess they did their job.”

“We canoed past coals that were still burning and winter roads that still [leave] a scar along the shorelines. This is a river that my ancestors traveled and I know that they lived in this area and traveled back and forth to the Northwest Territories since the early 1800s, and that’s only recorded history. To be out there on the land and to see this untouched wilderness and what’s at stake when we put exploration into the picture—it gave me that encouragement to be able to speak up for my First Nation.” — Kadrienne Hummel

“FNNND Elder Jimmy Johnny told us that there are stone axe stumps at certain sites. We were hiking and exploring hoping that we’d find some, and it was beautiful. I remember the moment where we saw what we thought was a stump that had been cut down with a stone axe, and realizing it was, and seeing more and more. Then that site just transformed to be more open. You could feel the people that have been in that place and it was incredibly exciting. We would just go from one step to the next and take photos.” — Joti Overduin

“Having youth on canoe trips, it builds so much empowerment within themselves. When we were at the Peel Canyon, we left camp and [Chase and Dom who were 15 at the time] canoed together through a small wave of rapids. They were behind us, so we were waiting, and we could just hear them holding their paddles up and hooting and hollering, and just being pumped that they achieved something” — Kadrienne Hummel

“When we were on The Peel (we had come from the Wind to the Peel), and we were in the canyon, maybe day 14. I think we had a super long day of paddling, but I just remember I felt like we had adapted so much as a group. There was a calmness, we all knew our role, we were all helping, and everyone just seemed really relaxed. It was a beautiful spot, but what I remember about it was just everyone’s relaxed nature about it.

Half the crew went across the river and hiked up to a little spot when the sun was going down, and half stayed. We could hear them singing and belting out a song across the river, and then when they came back we all kind of chilled out.

I could just feel like the difference from the beginning of the trip. It was so taxing to do all of this stuff with such long days. You’re so tired you just want to lay on the ground when you get there but there’s so much to do, like set up tents and food, and take care of your wet gear. But I felt like we were super strong by that point of the trip” — Chantel Blysak

“We all have these roles that we play in canoe trips and all our goofiness comes out in different ways and to be able to bond with community members in this way and have this life experience that only we share together—it’s like family. It’s so good to be reconnected and I’m so glad that everyone came out to support. We’re all here for the same reason, for the environment and for our love for the Yukon” — Kadrienne Hummel

“It was a really positive challenge because all of us had moments of peaks and valleys. There’s hard parts of the day, there’s really challenging parts of the river, physically you’re cold and you’re hungry. It’s just so taxing and then there’s these most amazing, memorable, beautiful moments. These big highs and lows happen everyday, and then we’re also trying to help lead and support the youth while they’re having peaks and valleys. I just learned the land is such a such a valuable place to do that, the land gives them the space and all the stuff they need to learn. I went through my own journey but I got to watch them figure it out too each day” — Chantel Blysak

“When we left the community of Mayo, there was a huge send off for us and people sent us with a stack of letters for the youth to read from the community along the way. When we got back, there was an even bigger feast and celebration. This is not just about the people on this trip, it’s the whole community” — Joti Overduin

These stories were shared during the Voices from the Wind River event held in November 2024. On-the-land trips like these are made possible through careful planning, strong relationships, and support from donors like you. They also rely on the conservation of landscapes that are ecologically and culturally important. We’re grateful for the decades of work from Peel nations, elders, allies, and others that gave the Peel Watershed the protection it deserves. As land planning continues and new generations connect with the land and water, we all share the responsibility to care for and uphold our values for today and tomorrow.

You can support community trips and the future of the Yukon’s wild spaces by donating to CPAWS Yukon.

Quotes edited for length and clarity. Photos taken by trip participants.

December 16 2024

What happened in 2024? Here’s our Year in Review

CPAWS Yukon Blog, our stories

What happened in 2024? Here’s our Year in Review

Written by Adil Darvesh, December 16, 2024

Every year, as I reflect on all that we’ve worked on, I’m always blown away by what the CPAWS team does. This year is no different. Here’s our recap of what happened in 2024.

Tu Łidlini / Ross River

In the middle of winter in early 2024, we were continuing some important work with Ross River Dena Council (RRDC). In December of 2023, our team travelled to Ross River with Josh and Kodi, two Land Guardians with RRDC, to learn more about the land and water through their eyes. It was an important opportunity to hear more about the cultural and emotional importance of Tu Łidlini, and the drastic impact that projects like Faro Mine can have on it.

We had some meaningful conversations with the Land Guardians and RRDC, which planted the seed for a canoe trip.

After months of planning from our team, we hosted our youth on-the-land trip with RRDC along the Pelly River. We travelled over 350km over 10 days from Ross River to Pelly Crossing in July, teaching skills and overcoming challenges along the way. For the trip participants, it was their first time doing a multi-day canoe trip and seeing their confidence grow was amazing.

These kinds of on-the-land trips can be so impactful, not only to the participants, but for the entire community. Ross River recently signed an agreement with the Yukon government and Parks Canada to undergo a feasibility study for an Indigenous Protected and Conserved Area (IPCA) in their traditional territory. This exciting news will help ensure that the lands and waters can effectively continue to have the stewardship they deserve, from the people who rely on it the most. By having youth participate in these trips, they not only gain the tangible skills of being on the land, but also the opportunity to connect to landscapes which they will hopefully continue to steward for years to come.

Stay tuned in 2025 for a film from our 10-day adventure down the Pelly River!

Chasàn Chùa/McIntyre Creek

It was another huge year for Chasàn Chùa. This year, we launched the beginning of Care for the Creek, a continuation of our campaign to protect this important wildlife corridor through the heart of Whitehorse.

Care for the Creek is an effort to help repair the damage done to Chasàn Chùa by people and invasive plants. For our first event, we teamed up with the Yukon Fish and Game Management Board to host a week-long cleanup effort at Dàmäwtän (The Point).

With the help of Kwanlin Dün First Nation, Ta’an Kwäch’än Council, and the Yukon Youth Conservation Corps, we removed 17,000 pounds of tires and 13,000 pounds of scrap metal and shipped it off to the Whitehorse dump.

Throughout the same week, we also hosted public events to help educate people about the history and the potential future for this area. We had an eagle nest viewing with Yukon Wildlife Viewing, a habitat refresh with the Yukon Invasive Species Council, botanical drawing workshop with Misha Donohoe, and our community BBQ & Family Fun Day at Eagle Bay Park Lookout.

There is currently a Chasàn Chùa Steering Committee working to help establish a permanent protected area. You can read our submission to this committee here.

Your support throughout the summer for Care for the Creek helped make this inaugural event a resounding success. Stay tuned in 2025 for more opportunities to come and connect with Chasàn Chùa!

Protect the Peel

Back in 2022, the Yukon Socio-Economic and Environmental Assessment Board (YESAB) recommended that a silver exploration project, the Michelle Creek project, not proceed within the Peel Watershed. YESAB’s recommendation reflected the high environmental standard set out by the Peel Watershed Regional Land Use Plan that we all worked so hard to achieve.

The Yukon government has disappointingly taken YESAB to court for a judicial review of their recommendation, stating that YESAB did not have the authority to recommend against this project. In fact, the Yukon government has argued in court that YESAB should “stay in its lane”.

We’re very disappointed in this decision by the Yukon government. YESAB very clearly used the Peel Plan to help inform this decision and we feel that if a project doesn’t meet the high standards that we fought for, then it shouldn’t proceed. We’re not alone in that either, as The First Nation of Na-cho Nyäk Dun, Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in First Nation, and the Government of Canada are going to court as intervenors, arguing that YESAB’s recommendation was fair and correct.

Instead of going to court, the Yukon government should have chosen a different path – one that promoted consultations and respectful collaboration with affected First Nations. Instead, they have chosen to challenge the validity of the land use planning process, which Yukoners have fought for years to be upheld.

Thank you to the hundreds of you came out to rally in Whitehorse, Mayo, Dawson City, Fort McPherson, and Tsiigehtchic in support of this recommendation, and in support of the Peel Plan.

We’re expecting a ruling by the judge in early 2025, and we will keep you updated as we get more information.

Northern Tutchone Region/Beaver River Watershed

We got some more positive news from the Northern Tutchone region when the Yukon Supreme Court had sided with the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun (FNNND) over the Yukon government’s approval of a project by Metallic Minerals. The judge ruled that the Yukon government failed to properly consult the First Nation and did not adhere to their treaty obligations.

This important ruling should set a strong precedent going forward about constitutes appropriate consultations between the Yukon government and First Nations. This will hopefully play a large role in how projects are approved going forward in the territory.

It also gave us at CPAWS Yukon an opportunity to celebrate with the community of Mayo. We joined the community in June for a canoe skills workshop during their Indigenous People’s Day celebrations. This full day event helped us strengthen our connections and give back by teaching some skills and playing some games on the water.

Promptly after this skills day, Joti Overduin, our Outreach Manager, and Malkolm Boothroyd, our Campaigns Coordinator, set off on a week-long canoe trip on the Stewart River.

In collaboration with FNNND, Joti and Malkolm took this opportunity to collect water samples from creeks and streams along the river, report species at risk sighting, and take photos and videos to help us highlight the beauty of Tsé Tagé (Beaver River in Northern Tutchone).

Reform Mining / Eagle Mine disaster

Minto Mine, near Mayo

Image of Minto Mine, near Mayo.

The heap leach failure at Victoria Gold’s Eagle Mine this year could go down as one of the largest mining disasters we’ve faced.

In late June, we heard news of a major landslide at Eagle Mine, just north of Mayo. Over the next few weeks, as we listened to the technical briefings it became clear that the subsequent heap leach failure also meant that untreated toxic chemicals were being released into the environment – most notably cyanide. Unfortunately, this was not the first failure from this mine.

It was frustrating to see the lack of urgency and transparency from Victoria Gold as this disaster unfolded and we were glad to see the Yukon government get approved by the Ontario Supreme Court to put the mine into receivership.

Instances like this further highlight the need for meaningful reform of our outdated and defective mining legislation. How many more “unprecedented” disasters do we need before we set a higher precedent for the land, water, and wildlife?

As the work to clean up Eagle Mine continues, our thoughts are with FNNND and members of the community who will have to deal with the impacts of this for years to come.

We’ve joined the calls for the Yukon government to hold a public inquiry into this disaster, which you can sign on to here.

Arctic Refuge / Porcupine Caribou Herd

Op-ed we’re taking the U.S. government to court over the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Our Campaigns Coordinator, Laurence Fox, joined members from the Arctic Defense Coalition and Gwich’in Steering Committee in Washington, D.C in January 2024, where they held a conference to layout the future of the campaign. In those meetings, Laurence had the opportunity to meet and connect with others across the border who have been working diligently for protection of the Porcupine Caribou Herd.

This year, however, a new Trump administration was voted in, and the final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) was released, allowing for the implementation of the second, legally required lease sale currently scheduled for Jan 9.

Of all the outcomes possible, however, there is some good news in that the current U.S. government has chosen the most industry-restrictive path towards lease sales in the Arctic Refuge. Nevertheless, CPAWS maintains that there should be NO lease sales and NO development in the calving grounds of the Porcupine Caribou Herd. We will continue to work with our environmental allies, Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation, and the Gwich’in Steering Committee to safeguard “the sacred place where life begins”.

Events

We’re so grateful for all of you who showed up and participated in our numerous events this year. In total, we hosted or helped organize over 12 events throughout 2024. From beading, art exhibits, movie premieres, rallies, and guided walks, you showed up and supported our conservation work rain or shine. Here are some of the major events we had:

2 beading events hosted by Anne Mease

People of Chasan Chua Art Exhibit by our Conservation Intern Yataya van Kampen

Peel Lunch and Learn hosted by Joti Overduin

Medicinal Pland Walk and Talk hosted by Anne Mease

Trails and Tales of the Copper Belt with Tim Green

Voices from the Wind River

Life of the Boreal walks in Chasan Chua

5 Care for the Creek public walks and talks, including a community BBQ

It’s always such a pleasure getting to meet so many of you and learning a little bit more about why you care about wild spaces so much.

As we look forward to 2025, I can’t wait to continue building on all the efforts from this year. Until then, however, I hope you have a wonderful holiday season!